The environmental risk associated with rapid and unorganized urbanization is increasing exponentially. Poor air quality and rising carbon dioxide levels, leading to climate change, are among the most pressing issues. These problems are responsible for global warming, extreme weather conditions, and increased death rates. Therefore, various approaches are being developed to manage escalating pollution levels and address climate change. One emerging strategy is incorporating vegetation in urban planning due to its associated ecosystem services. Urban vegetation can filter pollutants from the air, primarily through dry deposition, which helps improve ambient air quality. Also, it plays a crucial role in combating elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide levels by sequestering and storing carbon. This paper assesses the potential of the five most commonly found tree species in urban environments to filter particulate matter and their ability to sequester and store carbon to mitigate climate change. The results of this study concluded that Mangifera indica removed the most PM10 (4.25 kg/year) and PM2.5 (0.21 kg/year), while Terminalia arjuna was the least effective, removing only 0.11 kg/year and 0.01 kg/year, respectively. For carbon sequestration, Dalbergia sissoo had the highest potential (12.49 kg/year), while Plumeria obtusa had the lowest (0.33 kg/year). Furthermore, this study also highlights how this approach contributes to achieving various Sustainable Development Goals by incorporating biodiversity into environmental issues, further leading to the establishment of sustainable cities and communities.