Nanofluid-enhanced oil recovery (EOR) technology leverages nanoparticles dispersed in fluids to interact selectively with reservoir rocks or crude oil, significantly boosting oil recovery rates. Despite its advantages over traditional methods like binary and ternary flooding, practical implementation faces substantial challenges. Economic feasibility, nanoparticle stability, and suitability remain significant barriers to widespread adoption in the oil sector. Addressing these concerns involves exploring simpler, more readily available materials and basic modification techniques to meet large-scale on-site application demands. This study synthesized MnO2-CoO nanoparticles to investigate phase transition effects on oil recovery factors. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) characterized nanoparticle morphology and elemental composition. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) identified functional groups, while X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirmed mineral composition and electronic states. Electromagnetic field integration assessed fluid flow using absolute and relative permeability. Results indicate that a 0.5% nanoparticle concentration yielded the highest recovery factor in interfacial tension (IFT) and core-flooding experiments, highlighting MnO2 nanoparticles’ effectiveness in enhancing oil recovery. The permeability tensor of MnO2 nanoparticles was measured under magnetic fields, whereas CoO exhibited antiferromagnetism due to the antiparallel alignment of cobalt ions, neutralizing net magnetic moments.