Does dexamethasone improve survival in hospitalized COVID-19 patients? The RECOVERY trial investigated whether dexamethasone, a corticosteroid, could improve survival in patients hospitalized with COVID-19. This large, multicenter randomized controlled trial enrolled over 6000 patients and compared the effects of dexamethasone (6 mg daily for up to 10 days) with standard care. The study found that dexamethasone significantly reduced 28-day mortality in patients receiving invasive mechanical ventilation or oxygen, but it had no benefit in patients who did not require respiratory support. The trial provided strong evidence that low-dose dexamethasone improves survival in severe COVID-19, establishing it as a key treatment in managing the disease in hospitalized patients, especially those with respiratory distress.