Electric vehicles (EVs) are recognized as sustainable transportation, addressing environmental concerns, reducing reliance on fossil fuels, and potentially offering cost-effective mobility. Hence, many countries view EVs as key to achieving Sustainable Development Goals. Nevertheless, the adoption of EVs is also associated with several potential threats that demand prompt attention from practitioners and policymakers. The study identifies and categorizes 33 EV adoption threats in seven main categories. The study applies the spherical fuzzy Bayesian best–worst method to assess and rank these identified threats, considering the Indian EV segment as a case study. The research findings highlight that “political threats,” “economic threats,” and “operational and technological threats” are the critical threat categories. Further, the study emphasizes that the lack of a comprehensive EV policy covering subsidies, charging infrastructure, battery disposal, and economic concerns about product obsolescence due to EV technological advancements are the most significant threats associated with EV adoption. By identifying and prioritizing these threats, practitioners, and policymakers can develop mitigation strategies, fostering a more prepared environment for EVs to flourish as sustainable transportation in developing nations.