Diabetes mellitus is an inescapable long-term global health burden that necessitates treatment methods based on new creative agents that are simple, straightforward, economical, and successful in managing and lowering various problems through their pharmacological effects. In recent years, algae have attracted interest for their possible bioactive chemicals and antidiabetic action. As a result, the current chapter concentrates on a complete assessment of natural compounds produced from algae with antidiabetic properties and their treatment. Notable algae derivatives from polysaccharides, polyphenols, proteins and peptides, and vitamins, as well as their contributions, addressed specific antidiabetic features. However, cohorts with problems using microalgae from natural sources should be managed, with a focus on pharmacokinetic factors in innovative antidiabetic therapies. Furthermore, continued research into tailoring bioactive algal molecules from therapies aimed at reducing the global diabetes burden, which leads to effective individual recovery.