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The basic concept of 4D printing and main difference between 4D printing and general 3D printing are covered in this chapter. This chapter also specifically elaborates the preparation of 4D printed polyurethane (PU) composites. It is then followed by the elucidation related to the properties of resulting 4D printed structures. Finally, shape memory effect (SME), external stimuli and associated mechanisms are exclusively detailed as a unique characteristic.

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4D Printing of Shape Memory PU Composites

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Wendy Triadji Nugroho,
  • Yu Dong,
  • Alokesh Pramanik

摘要

The basic concept of 4D printing and main difference between 4D printing and general 3D printing are covered in this chapter. This chapter also specifically elaborates the preparation of 4D printed polyurethane (PU) composites. It is then followed by the elucidation related to the properties of resulting 4D printed structures. Finally, shape memory effect (SME), external stimuli and associated mechanisms are exclusively detailed as a unique characteristic.