When the immune system accidentally attacks the body’s cells and tissues, autoimmune diseases develop. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), multiple sclerosis (MS), and type 1 diabetes (T1D) are the most prevalent autoimmune diseases. As RA primarily affects the joints, it can cause pain, inflammation, and ultimately joint deterioration. It is characterized by an immune system that attacks the joint lining. In multiple sclerosis, the immune system attacks the central nervous system’s protective sheath of the nerve fibers. Disease symptoms, ranging from somatic to cognitive, may arise from this. T1D occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. The inability of the body to produce insulin causes elevated blood sugar levels. Although the precise etiology of autoimmune diseases is unknown, environmental triggers, infections, and genetic factors are believed to be involved. Typically, treatment involves the use of drugs, such as immunosuppressants, steroids, and lifestyle modifications to control symptoms and lower inflammation. Autoimmune diseases pose a serious threat to global health. These diseases, which affect 5–10% of the world’s population, are becoming more common. To solve this problem, a multimodal approach is required that involves enhanced diagnostic tools, more effective treatments, and increased public awareness and education. In this chapter, we discuss the pathophysiology of autoimmune diseases and their impact on global health. Furthermore, we discuss its treatment approach as well as future research prospects in the mitigation of autoimmune diseases.