Southeast Asia has been one of focus regions in international efforts to stimulate digitalization and climate resilience, including in the agricultural sector. This chapter introduces the whole region historically to document the trend changes in the contribution of the agricultural sector to the national economies of the region, including government policies to promote the sector. Of particular importance since the 1940s, 1950s and 1960s, and in the case of Timor-Leste, since independence in 2002 is government focus on strengthening food security in general and self-sufficiency in rice cultivation in particular. The chapter also examines initiatives of the individual countries in the region to smartify their economies following the launching of the sustainable development goals to stimulate digitalization towards raising productivity and strengthening climate resilience.