Drought stress represents a significant challenge to global agriculture, threatening crop yield and food security. Understanding the intricate mechanisms underlying plant responses to water scarcity is essential for developing resilient agricultural systems. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is involved in osmotic regulation, antioxidant defense, and signal transduction pathways, conferring drought stress resistance in plants. Furthermore, GABA regulates the intricate network of molecular processes and metabolic pathways that ensures plant survival during drought stress. We delve into its role as a compatible solute, its contribution to the maintenance of cellular turgor, and its ability to mitigate oxidative stress. Moreover, GABA is involved in modulating stress-related gene expression, ion homeostasis, and stomatal regulation. Understanding the molecular and physiological mechanisms by which GABA enhances plant resilience to drought stress is pivotal for the development of novel strategies to combat the adverse effects of water scarcity on crop productivity and global food security.