Heat stress and radiation exposure are critical environmental stressors that adversely affect plant growth, development, and yield. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) contributes to plant resilience by modulating stress-responsive pathways and enhancing cellular protection mechanisms. We delve into the mechanisms by which GABA mitigates the impacts of heat stress, including its role in osmotic regulation, stabilization of heat shock proteins (HSPs), and interaction with oxidative stress pathways. Similarly, the chapter examines GABA’s protective effects against radiation-induced damage, focusing on its involvement in scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) and supporting DNA repair processes. Through a review of experimental studies and case studies, the chapter highlights the potential of GABA-based strategies in developing crops with improved resistance to both thermal and radiation stresses. The discussion also focuses on the integrative role of GABA in stress crosstalk and the implications for future research and biotechnological applications. This comprehensive overview underscores the importance of GABA in enhancing plant resilience and offers insights into its practical applications in agriculture.