Coral Reefs are biodiversity hotspots and are highly productive ecosystems offering numerous benefits to mankind. However, they are among the most vulnerable ecosystems to the ongoing climate change trajectories. Recurrent mass bleaching events driven by anthropogenic climate change and natural phenomena like El-Niño have led to a significant decline in live coral cover across the reefs worldwide. This decline has created an ecological space for macroalgae (seaweeds) and offered a competitive advantage to them to outcompete corals and alter the overall benthic community structure. Globally, macroalgal cover on coral reefs has increased by 20% over the past decade. While macroalgae play important ecological roles contributing to primary production and nitrogen fixation, an unusual increase in their biomass, typically driven by environmental disturbances, can trigger cascading effects that compromise the reef stability, biodiversity, and reef services. Understanding the environmental feedbacks that significantly contribute to macroalgal dominance in reef ecosystems is key to predict and manage reef transitions. This chapter provides an overview about the nature of interaction between the coral and macroalgal communities and explores the mechanisms that underpin their competition and their possible implications on coral reef health and resilience. Also, the chapter reviews the existing management and restoration strategies aimed at mitigating macroalgal dominance and promoting coral recovery and highlights pathways for enhancing the adaptive capacity of reef ecosystems in Anthropocene.