Robust Hybrid Watermarking Algorithm Based on DCT-PMF-DWT-SVD
摘要
This work presents a hybrid algorithm based on DCT-PMF-DWT-SVD. First, the Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) is applied, followed by the use of the Pixel Movement Function (PMF) to mix the frequencies. Then, three levels of Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) are performed before embedding the watermark using the Singular Value Decomposition (SVD). The proposed approach provides excellent robustness against several types of attacks. The use of the Pixel Movement Function enhances security, as the position of the bit selected for watermark embedding remains unpredictable. The system also achieves high imperceptibility. All steps of the algorithm are described in detail, and the experimental results demonstrate its effectiveness. To evaluate performance, the PSNR (Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio) and NC (Normalized Correlation) metrics were used.