Climate change poses significant challenges to dryland ecosystems, exacerbating water scarcity, soil degradation, and agricultural vulnerability. Sustainable farming practices, particularly organic farming, have emerged as viable solutions to mitigate these impacts while ensuring long-term agricultural resilience. This study explores the role of organic farming in enhancing soil fertility, conserving water, and reducing reliance on chemical inputs. By integrating ecosystem-based approaches, such as agroforestry, crop diversification, and soil conservation techniques, organic farming fosters biodiversity and strengthens climate adaptation in arid regions. The study adopts a mixed-methods approach, incorporating field interviews, and participatory rural appraisals to assess the effectiveness of these practices and their operational challenges in Maharashtra’s dryland regions. Findings highlight the socioeconomic benefits of organic farming, including improved farmer incomes, enhanced food security, and strengthened community-led initiatives. However, challenges such as limited market access, inadequate policy support, and labor shortages hinder widespread adoption. The study concludes with policy recommendations to bridge the gap between research and implementation, advocating for farmer-led innovations, training modules designed by expert farmers, and institutional support to scale up sustainable agricultural models in dryland ecosystems.