This chapter examines two features of the phonology of Eastern dialect of Balochi, which set it apart from most Iranian languages: Phonological aspiration and retroflexion. It traces the historical development of these features in the present-day varieties, using secondary data from the older literature on Balochi available since the nineteenth century and primary data from the author’s own material. These are complemented in small part with evidence of cross-linguistic generalizations. The sources of aspiration and retroflexion in the said Balochi varieties are varied, including most prominently loanwords from Indic, re-adaptation of loanwords motivated by vocabulary of origin, transposition of glottal fricative, and conditioned retroflexion of rhotic and voiceless post-alveolar sibilant. The chapter ends on illustration of acoustic phonetic analysis of these two features based upon their durational and spectral characteristics, and a consideration of some of the named sources of aspiration and retroflexion in the framework of diachronic phonology.