The combination of transcriptome studies, elicitation strategies, and plant hormone regulation forms a robust framework for understanding and enhancing plant responses to biotic and abiotic stressors. Transcriptomics, leveraging high-throughput RNA sequencing (e.g., RNA-Seq), provides a detailed understanding of global gene expression patterns, uncovering the molecular responses triggered by plants under various conditions. This approach offers valuable insights into the mechanisms driving secondary metabolite biosynthesis, shedding light on key gene expression patterns and regulatory pathways. Researchers can comprehensively explain the molecular basis of secondary metabolite production by integrating transcriptomic data with hormonal signaling and elicitation strategies. This integration highlights applications for optimizing metabolite synthesis in agriculture, pharmaceuticals, and industrial processes, offering transformative insights into plant biotechnology. The chapter explores recent advancements in the role of biotic and abiotic elicitors in boosting secondary metabolite production, emphasizing plant hormones such as jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, and ethylene as key regulators of biosynthesis and signaling pathways.