Saponins, a class of plant-derived glycosides, are renowned for their diverse biological activities and extensive applications in medicine and industry. These secondary metabolites, synthesized through complex biosynthetic pathways, produce steroidal and triterpenoid saponins with significant therapeutic properties. Elicitation, a biotechnological approach, enhances secondary metabolite production by inducing stress responses in plant cell cultures. Various elicitors have been shown to optimize saponin accumulation in different plant species. This chapter explores the biosynthetic pathways of saponins, the molecular mechanisms underlying their production, and the role of elicitation in improving their yield. By understanding these strategies, researchers can develop efficient methods for large-scale saponin production to meet the increasing demand for these bioactive compounds in pharmaceutical and industrial applications.