Enhancing plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) through nanoparticle-mediated strategies has emerged as a promising area of research in plant biotechnology. Secondary metabolites, which include a diverse range of compounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids, and terpenoids, play crucial roles in plant defense and possess significant therapeutic potential. This chapter explores the various nanoparticle types, their mechanisms of action, and the combinatorial strategies employed to amplify PSMs in different plant species. By integrating nanotechnology with traditional elicitation methods, researchers can optimise the production of valuable phytochemicals, thereby contributing to advancements in agriculture and medicine. The chapter also discusses the implications of these strategies for sustainable practices in the cultivation of medicinal plants, highlighting the need for further research to understand the interactions between nanoparticles and plant metabolic pathways fully.