Elicitation is a practically feasible technique to overcome a number of challenges related to the large-scale production of commercially significant bioactive secondary metabolites. For the past 30 years, a number of biotic and abiotic elicitors have been used in optimized concentrations to produce plants secondary metabolites. Out of several known potential elicitors, chitosan is known for its promising properties of stimulating plant secondary metabolic pathways. Besides, it is also known as biostimulant, plant protector, or agent to improve the storage stability of plant raw materials. Because of its natural origin, advantageous physiochemical characteristics, and multidirectional bioactivity, chitosan has been becoming more and more popular in research and production-based activities. Two most significant characteristics of chitosan are its ability to regulate metabolic processes and induce plant defence mechanisms. Chitosan’s origin, degree of acetylation and deacetylation, molecular weight, concentration of chemical modifications, and solubility all affect how well it interacts with other substances. High effectiveness of chitosan applied topically or in soil for promoting plant development and stimulating the increased production of secondary metabolites in a variety of medicinal plants. Further, due to cost effectiveness, eco-friendly nature, and low concentration requirements, the use of chitosan polysaccharides as an elicitor is receiving more attention. The primary goal of this chapter is to present the current understanding of the chitosan-mediated elicitation for secondary metabolite production.