Measurement turns improvement from intention into action. This chapter lays out a practical approach to measuring quality: choose a clear aim, select a small family of measures, define operational specs, and collect data frequently enough to learn. We explain outcome measures (what patients experience), process measures (whether the right care happened), and structural measures (capacity and systems that enable quality). Patient voice is integrated through PROMs (health status from the patient’s perspective) and PREMs (experience of care). We cover safety measures (adverse events, near misses, reliability of high-risk steps) and cost/value measures (resource use, length of stay, avoidable rework). By employing a combination of these measurement approaches, healthcare organizations can gain a comprehensive understanding of the quality of care they provide, identify areas for improvement, and drive meaningful change to enhance patient outcomes and satisfaction.