The Green Revolution revolutionized Indian agriculture, shifting the nation from subsistence to surplus production by introducing high-yielding crop varieties, synthetic inputs, and improved irrigation systems. However, its unintended consequences, including soil degradation, groundwater depletion, and escalating cultivation costs, have raised concerns about its sustainability. As a response, natural farming has emerged as a viable alternative, emphasizing ecological harmony, resource conservation, and sustainable livelihoods. This chapter examines the concepts and methodologies of natural farming, offering a detailed analysis of its evolution and growth globally as well as in India. Key features such as jeevamrit, beejamrit, acchadana, and whapasa, foundational to its success, are discussed alongside policy initiatives, institutional support, and its current status in India. While challenges such as initial yield reduction, labour-intensive processes, and market limitations persist, innovative next-generation strategies hold promise for scaling their adoption. These include advancements in precision agriculture, regenerative soil management, climate-resilient practices, and digital innovations like blockchain for traceability. By integrating traditional knowledge with modern technologies, natural farming presents an opportunity to address critical agricultural challenges sustainably. This chapter provides an insightful overview of its practices, challenges, and future directions, highlighting its potential as a cornerstone of sustainable agricultural development.