Truck driving is among the most dangerous businesses in the world. Truck drivers are the people who transport goods from one place to another all over the world. These drivers face many risks and accidents that may lead to their death. Among truck drivers, we refer in this paper to oil tanker drivers carrying oil and oil byproducts. Petroleum tanker drivers are exposed to the dangers related to the hazardous materials they carry. This study aims to shed light on the various risks the petroleum truck drivers are exposed to in the Algerian desert. In completing this study, the researchers relied on the descriptive survey method, as it is the most appropriate method for such topics. Data was collected from members of the research sample (35 drivers) using a questionnaire prepared specifically for this purpose. The average age of the sample members was 47 years (SD: 6.05). All drivers were married (100%). Their average professional experience was (14.3) with a SD of (4.22). The results revealed that truck drivers are exposed to five main risk categories: Health Risks, Physical Risks, Chemical Risks, Mental Load, and Organizational Risks. Regarding the risks the drivers are exposed to, they are varied and many. Although Truck driving work is sometimes, considered as indoors work, done in a confined space, which is the cabin. However, in reality it is an outdoor work in remote areas. To treat risk factors, which affect truck drivers’ health, a continuous ergonomics improvement process should be implemented.