Global climate change and rapid population increase are raising challenges for food security , and they demand efficient crop improvement methods that ensure the best quality and quantity of crops. Nanotechnology has several potential uses in various stages of agriculture, including crop growth, production, processing, storage, packaging, and transportation. For decades, nanomaterials have emerged as promising agents for plant growth and development. Recently, the use of nanomaterials has been considered as an alternative solution for pest control in weeds, fungi, and nematodes. Nanotechnology ensures site-specific delivery of macro- and micronutrients in the target region of plants, which decreases loss and increases efficiency, ultimately increasing plant yield. Along with agriculture, nanomaterials play an important role in allied sectors like the food industry, wine industry, poultry, and many others. Nanomaterial-based capsules are frequently used for the detection and treatment of several diseases in humans. Even though nanotechnology has contributed a lot to the betterment of the world in various ways, in agriculture as well as allied sectors.