The Thematic Approach in Hong Kong Kindergartens: Development, Implementation, and Hybridisation
摘要
For over 40 years, Hong Kong kindergartens have implemented the thematic approach to early childhood education. The thematic approach was introduced in 1984 through the Guide to the Kindergarten Curriculum by the Curriculum Development Council (CDC). This approach aims to integrate learning across different domains, creating a sequence of experiences progressing from basic to more abstract concepts centred around a unified theme. Themes are selected based on the child’s interests, backgrounds, and developmental levels, ensuring a personalised and relevant learning experience. The latest curriculum guide, the Kindergarten Education Curriculum Guide (CDC, 2017), emphasises developing school-based curricula, yet the thematic approach remains foundational. It advocates for an integrated method that connects the six Key Learning Areas through themes relatable to children’s everyday lives. The thematic approach has evolved alongside global educational trends, reflecting Chen’s (2022) three-layer framework of curriculum analysis, which includes the foreground, background, and middle ground. According to Chen, global cultural elements, particularly Western ideologies like child-centredness, constitute the foreground of the curriculum landscape. This reflects a focus on individual learning and play-based methods. In contrast, the local culture and contextual realities form the background, embedding traditional Chinese values within the educational setting. The middle ground is a reconciled state, described by Bautista et al. (2020) as a globalised or hybrid curriculum where educators balance these global influences with local cultural nuances. As globalisation influences educational practices, many Hong Kong kindergartens have developed hybrid curricula, incorporating culturally situated pedagogies alongside various educational initiatives. For instance, they integrate project work, use picture books as central learning materials, and employ the Plan-Do-Review strategy from HighScope approach. These strategies enhance the thematic approach, ensuring learning remains relevant and engaging for diverse student populations. This chapter explores the thematic approach’s development and implementation in Hong Kong, presenting exemplars from local kindergartens to illustrate how educators blend Chinese cultural elements with Western strategies. By examining these practices, we highlight the adaptability and effectiveness of the hybrid thematic approach. Through this analysis, we underscore the importance of culturally situated pedagogies in creating a hybrid curriculum that respects global trends and local identities. This approach supports holistic child development, nurturing cultural understanding and appreciation among young learners, ultimately preparing them for the complexities of an interconnected world.