This review examines the application of 3D printing in construction with a focus on geopolymer concrete, detailing its advancements and persistent challenges. While significant progress has been made in material development and structural performance, issues such as anisotropic mechanical behavior, the impact of raw materials on printability, and energy efficiency of printed elements remain unresolved. Materials like rice husk ash show promise in enhancing rheology, but their long-term durability requires further investigation. The study emphasizes the importance of leveraging advanced technologies and additives to address these limitations, paving the way for future innovations in sustainable construction practices.