Road construction safety is a crucial aspect of infrastructure development, aimed at safeguarding the health and well-being of workers, motorists, and pedestrians throughout the construction process. The primary reasons for enhancing road construction safety include the growing number of work zones, the expansion and widening of existing highways, inadequate use of personal protective equipment (PPE), and so on. Ensuring that these measures are in place helps mitigate risks and protect everyone involved from potential hazards. This study employs Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) software to analyse the relationships between key factors that influence road construction safety. This approach involves utilizing both measurement and structural models to pinpoint factors influencing safety. A questionnaire survey is administered to workers to identify key safety-related factors in road construction. The measurement model results indicate that four key factors influence worker safety: (i) PPE, (ii) sign board, (iii) safety training, and (iv) communication. The SEM reveals the direction of relationship between the key factors. PPE is a primary factor influencing safety, while other important elements, such as understanding signboard and effective communication, also play a crucial role in creating a safer working environment for workers. Construction companies can make use of these results to recognize the factors which affect safety and can implement necessary steps to carry out the work safely.