Safety culture assessments reveal underlying organizational values and assumptions, functioning as a “collective unawareness” still to be developed. However, a set of broad and precise criteria to characterize the different degrees of maturity has yet to be defined. The article suggests a set of orientations and concepts, for undertaking diagnostics on safety culture through a divergent-sensitive analysis. It focuses on refining themes and using quantitative and qualitative methods to determine different maturity levels in safety culture based on existing literature and practices within an oil production company. Through case studies, it demonstrates how thematics like Safety Priority and Operational Experience Feedback influence safety, leading to classifications and definitions. The importance of diversity in driving changes is highlighted, encouraging learning, and addressing issues such as organizational silence. The approach that values divergences proved to be successful in promoting learning within organizations and stimulating discussions. In mature safety cultures, differences foster prevention and uncertainty management, acknowledging provisional consensus.