Investigating the influential factors affecting students’ language enrolment decisions provides an understanding of the enrolment decline, and whether language learning value is recognised by students. Part 2 of this book presents a review of the literature concerning the different aspects relevant to this issue, starting with a macro perspective before narrowing into a more focused review. In Chap.  2 , first, language education and its context within a global education is explained to develop an understanding of the topic of research. Next, the provision of language education in international, national and local contexts is explored. This chapter provides a useful overview before turning to the challenges of language education in the following chapter.