The intake of pesticides in raw and processed food poses severe health issues. Therefore, there is a need for the accurate detection and identification of pesticides to ensure consumer food safety. Thus, understanding the concept of biosensing has enabled researchers to develop nanobiosensors, an indispensable tool with various nanomaterials and composites to increase the sensitivity as well as the specificity of pesticide detection in raw and processed food. The different applications of nanomaterials have enabled researchers to use advanced technologies in biosensors for the transfer of signals to enhance their efficiency and sensitivity. Nanomaterials like carbon nanotubes, graphene, gold and silver nanoparticles, dendrimers, nanohybrides, and quantum dots are commonly employed to produce biosensors with improved sensitivity and specificity of detection due to their exclusive magnetic, optical, thermal, and physical properties. Regarding the types of transducers, the most commonly used were amperometric, impedimetric, conductometric, optical, colorimetric, and whole-cell biosensors. All nanoparticles and new composites used in biosensors need to be classified for their enhanced performance, quick detection, and unobtrusive and effective use in pesticide analysis. Hence, we intend to summarize the different sensing techniques used in pesticide detection, their design, working principles, and advances in sensing systems.