The factors that enable or constrain the features of effective conservation biogeography increasingly include political, socioeconomic, cultural, and psychological aspects, which may vary at continental, national, regional, and local scales. Political ecology, broadly defined as political economy applied to the environment, is a crucial background for conservation biogeography because political and economic structures and developments can influence or even determine the existence or extinction, spread or decline, composition and characteristics, and human dimensions of species. Psychology, particularly conservation and/environmental psychology, is closely related to this dynamic as it can describe or explain human attitudes toward wildlife and habitats. The central themes include the political power differences between different levels of actors and stakeholders as well as the mental constructs and attitude structures of local people in relation to their environment. These topics complement the biological and biogeographical questions that form the basis of conservation biogeography and become more important as human engagement with the natural environment develops. However, few studies have examined the triangular relationship between conservation biogeography, psychology, and political ecology. Such a study contributes to the development of effective conservation management and policy.