In this chapter, a short explanation of different chapter topics such as polylactic acid and its blends for biomedical applications, poly(lactic acid) production for tissue engineering applications, polylactic acid (PLA) biomedical foams for tissue engineering, controlled release of drugs from nanocomposites composed of layered double hydroxides (LDH) and PLA, antifouling membranes prepared by electrospinning polylactic acid containing biocidal particles, polylactic acid electrospun nanofiber membranes for biomedical applications, antifouling membranes prepared by electrospinning polylactic acid containing biocidal particles, biodegradable polymer blend based on polylactic acid and polyhydroxybutyrate in FDM 3D printing technology, biodegradable PLA, properties, synthesis, and sustainable applications in medical textiles have been discussed.