Research on the residual strength, stiffness, and energy dissipation capacity of earthquake-damaged reinforced concrete (RC) shear walls is still relatively limited. There is a lack of reference for assessing the seismic capacity of damaged structures, making the evaluation of the safety of earthquake-damaged buildings challenging. Therefore, this study focuses on structural testing, simulation, and parameter analysis using the simulation of earthquake-damaged low-rise shear-governed RC shear walls. First, cyclic loading tests were conducted on four low-rise RC shear walls with different pre-damage levels. Second, the test results were compared with the numerical simulation results using the Cycle Softening Membrane Model in OpenSees to verify the accuracy of the numerical simulation and confirm appropriate model parameter settings. Combining all research results, this study provides simulation recommendations for the residual seismic performance of earthquake-damaged RC shear walls using nonlinear pushover analysis. These research findings serve as useful references for assessing the residual seismic performance of earthquake-damaged RC structures in engineering practice.