This chapter traces a growing interest in the relationship between science and fiction across overlapping disciplines and debates, including literary studies and science and technology studies. We also trace the absence of embodied readers and ordinary practices of reading in these debates. We explain why lay readers and everyday reading for pleasure matter in relation to making sense of fiction about science and science in fiction. We set out a range of approaches to reading and readers in contemporary scholarship, including post-critical literary studies, book and publishing studies, and the sociology of reading. These approaches in turn develop a small but rich multidisciplinary tradition of reading studies with roots in reader-response theory, ethnographies of readers in feminist cultural studies, and attention to the material and semiotic traces of readers and reading in book history. We consider the limits of Bourdieusian approaches to reading as cultural capital and propose instead using elements of actor-network theory to explore reading. Then we extend and to some extent challenge contemporary reading studies with perspectives from science fiction studies that speak to social and political contexts and effects of reading fiction linked to technoscientific developments and ideas.