Crosstalk between the neural and endocrine systems plays an important role in the day-to-day homeostatic processes in human body. The endocrine ‘orchestra’ is dictated by an efficient conductor, the pituitary gland that releases multiple trophic hormones. These hormones act on target endocrine glands to release their respective hormones. The ‘conductor’ pituitary gland is efficiently managed by the hypothalamus, a part of diencephalon. The hypothalamus not only regulates the pituitary but also regulates multiple other body processes like appetite, thirst, temperature regulation and circadian rhythm. In the present chapter, we provide a brief overview of the hypothalamus and pituitary and discuss the physiological actions of these glands.