Hypophysiotropic neuroendocrine axes represent the primary regulatory pathways through which the hypothalamus integrates neural and hormonal signals to maintain homeostasis. This chapter outlines the organization and regulation of the major hypothalamic–pituitary axes, including the adrenal, thyroid, gonadal, somatotropic, and lactotropic axes. The roles of hypothalamic-releasing and inhibitory hormones, pituitary tropic hormones, and peripheral endocrine glands are described, with emphasis on feedback control, pulsatile secretion, and circadian regulation. Unique features of individual axes, as well as direct hypothalamic control of posterior pituitary hormones, are briefly reviewed, highlighting their physiological and clinical relevance.