‘Neuroendocrinology’ describes the branch of physiology that describes the handshake between the nervous and endocrine systems. It has been observed that these two systems are intricately connected and play important roles in maintenance of homeostasis. Both ‘top down’ and ‘bottom-up’ signalling pathways have been worked out that underscore the interaction between the neural and endocrine systems. In the present review, we will discuss this neuroendocrine control of body functions with emphasis of the role of hypothalamus and autonomic nervous system.