Conceptions of what constitutes wisdom have evolved over time and through two quite distinct approaches and orientations: philosophical and empirical. These two orientations are reflected in the approaches to understanding wisdom in practice that is the focus of this volume, and whose contributions are summarised in this chapter. Those contributions advance three approaches to explain wisdom in practice: deductive, abductive and inductive. Firstly, are deductive accounts of wisdom in practice drawing on Aristotelian precepts which are augmented contemporary explanatory contributions that are positioned to address current dilemmas, emerging challenges and confronting their complexity. The second contribution is abductive (i.e., combining theory-driven and data driven approaches) in so far as it commences with a construct explaining wisdom in practice and uses interview data from the Wisdom in Practice project to elaborate and instantiate this construct (i.e., the Holistic Wisdom Model). These data largely comprise detailed interviews with individuals who had been identified as making significant contributions to their work settings and/or occupational practices and who, therefore, are taken to be authoritative informants about what constitutes wisdom in practice. Whilst the same protocols for gathering these data, the third analysis adopted a more inductive approach to analyse the data, identify findings whose superstructure and detailing are based upon these data which are used to generate an account premised on the dimensions of personal capacities and situational factors. From this are elaborated means by which those capacities are learnt, the role of collaborations and personal values and beliefs. Having offered a summary of the findings and deductions from each of these three approaches (i.e., deductive, abductive and inductive), the chapter concludes by offering suggestions about how educational experiences in both educational institutions (especially universities) and practice settings can be used to support the development of the capacities for wise practice. These suggestions are drawn from both literature reviews and empirical studies taken to the data gathered for the Wisdom in Practice project.

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Wisdom in Practice: Conceptions, Perspectives and Development

  • Stephen Billett,
  • Päivi Tynjälä,
  • Hannu L. T. Heikkinen,
  • Maarit Virolainen

摘要

Conceptions of what constitutes wisdom have evolved over time and through two quite distinct approaches and orientations: philosophical and empirical. These two orientations are reflected in the approaches to understanding wisdom in practice that is the focus of this volume, and whose contributions are summarised in this chapter. Those contributions advance three approaches to explain wisdom in practice: deductive, abductive and inductive. Firstly, are deductive accounts of wisdom in practice drawing on Aristotelian precepts which are augmented contemporary explanatory contributions that are positioned to address current dilemmas, emerging challenges and confronting their complexity. The second contribution is abductive (i.e., combining theory-driven and data driven approaches) in so far as it commences with a construct explaining wisdom in practice and uses interview data from the Wisdom in Practice project to elaborate and instantiate this construct (i.e., the Holistic Wisdom Model). These data largely comprise detailed interviews with individuals who had been identified as making significant contributions to their work settings and/or occupational practices and who, therefore, are taken to be authoritative informants about what constitutes wisdom in practice. Whilst the same protocols for gathering these data, the third analysis adopted a more inductive approach to analyse the data, identify findings whose superstructure and detailing are based upon these data which are used to generate an account premised on the dimensions of personal capacities and situational factors. From this are elaborated means by which those capacities are learnt, the role of collaborations and personal values and beliefs. Having offered a summary of the findings and deductions from each of these three approaches (i.e., deductive, abductive and inductive), the chapter concludes by offering suggestions about how educational experiences in both educational institutions (especially universities) and practice settings can be used to support the development of the capacities for wise practice. These suggestions are drawn from both literature reviews and empirical studies taken to the data gathered for the Wisdom in Practice project.