This chapter examines mechanical recovery interventions through a mechanistic lens, focusing on how externally applied pressure influences tissue fluid balance, venous return, lymphatic transport, and microcirculatory function. It first outlines the physiological basis of external pressure, including revised Starling principles, interstitial fluid dynamics, edema formation, and the role of the lymphatic system in post-exercise recovery. It then analyzes the biological rationale and practical application of sustained compression, intermittent pneumatic compression, massage, and manual lymphatic drainage, highlighting their distinct effects on perfusion, tissue mechanics, inflammatory signaling, soreness, and recovery kinetics. Special attention is given to dose-related factors such as pressure magnitude, stiffness, treatment duration, and anatomical coverage. The chapter also addresses measurement and implementation, defining key variables, summarizing typical values, and discussing validity and reliability of common assessment tools used to quantify pressure, swelling, perfusion, and muscle oxygenation in research and applied sport settings.

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Mechanical Interventions: Compression, Massage, and Lymphatic Drainage

  • Robert Trybulski

摘要

This chapter examines mechanical recovery interventions through a mechanistic lens, focusing on how externally applied pressure influences tissue fluid balance, venous return, lymphatic transport, and microcirculatory function. It first outlines the physiological basis of external pressure, including revised Starling principles, interstitial fluid dynamics, edema formation, and the role of the lymphatic system in post-exercise recovery. It then analyzes the biological rationale and practical application of sustained compression, intermittent pneumatic compression, massage, and manual lymphatic drainage, highlighting their distinct effects on perfusion, tissue mechanics, inflammatory signaling, soreness, and recovery kinetics. Special attention is given to dose-related factors such as pressure magnitude, stiffness, treatment duration, and anatomical coverage. The chapter also addresses measurement and implementation, defining key variables, summarizing typical values, and discussing validity and reliability of common assessment tools used to quantify pressure, swelling, perfusion, and muscle oxygenation in research and applied sport settings.