Most of the existing acoustic sensor arrays in the field of partial discharge ultrasonic signal positioning of high-voltage equipment focus on Angle estimation within a fixed range, and their measurement of the distance of partial discharge ultrasonic signal sources in an extensive range generally has problems such as low positioning accuracy, weak anti-noise ability, and small detection range. Against this background, a range MUSIC-Like algorithm and a 2D-Dis-MUSIC-Like algorithm based on a two-dimensional microphone array are proposed in this paper. The distance variable is added to the delay formula to reconstruct the signal guidance matrix of the classical linear array in two dimensions, and the signal subspace is constructed using its higher-order cumulative matrix. At the same time, the microphone surface sensor array is combined with an intelligent vision mobile device, and the partial discharge ultrasonic signal detection in an extensive range is realised by the DWA (dynamic window) algorithm. Simulation analysis and physical verification show that the 2D-Dis-MUSIC-Like algorithm has high positioning and ranging accuracy, wide monitoring range and engineering application value when combined with intelligent vision mobile devices.