Multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) provides rapid, high-resolution, and isotropic volumetric imaging for detailed assessment of osseous and soft-tissue structures in the oral and maxillofacial region. It enables precise visualization of complex anatomy using thin collimation, helical acquisition, and advanced reconstruction techniques such as iterative noise reduction and volumetric rendering. Quantitative evaluation through spectral CT and photon-counting CT extends the role of MDCT from structural imaging to material characterization and dose-efficient spectral analysis. Clinically, MDCT is indispensable for evaluating maxillofacial trauma, tumors, infections, temporomandibular joint disorders, and implant planning, providing accurate morphologic and attenuation-based information for diagnosis and surgical guidance. Limitations include higher radiation dose, metal artifacts, and reduced soft-tissue contrast. Ongoing advancements in detector design, photon-counting technology, and physics-based reconstruction are expected to further enhance image fidelity, reduce exposure, and integrate quantitative data analysis and artificial intelligence for precision maxillofacial imaging.