Digital extraoral radiographic imaging has fundamentally transformed oral and maxillofacial radiology by replacing film-based systems with advanced electronic detector technologies that enable rapid image acquisition, reduced radiation dose, improved image consistency, and extensive post-processing capabilities. This chapter presents a comprehensive and structured evaluation of digital detector systems used in extraoral radiography, with particular emphasis on panoramic radiography, cephalometry, cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), and computed tomography (CT). The physical principles, architecture, and performance characteristics of charge-coupled device (CCD) sensors, complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) detectors, direct and indirect flat-panel detectors, scintillator–photodiode assemblies, photostimulable phosphor (PSP) systems, photon-counting detectors, and dual-layer spectral CT detectors are discussed in detail. Emphasis is placed on the relationship between detector design and key image quality parameters, including spatial resolution, contrast resolution, signal-to-noise ratio, dose efficiency, temporal performance, and artefact behavior. By integrating foundational detector physics with contemporary technological developments, this chapter provides a clear understanding of how digital sensor systems function in modern extraoral radiographic imaging in maxillofacial radiology.