Orchids are one of the most diverse plant groups in the world that are characterized by unique flower morphology, mycorrhizal association, pollination mechanism, and minuscule seeds. Globally, they are represented by over 29,199 species (Genera: 850), and their distribution ranges from tropical rainforests to alpine tundra. Globally orchids constitute an order of royalty in the world of ornamental plant and are of immense horticultural importance. In India, orchids are represented by 1331 species belonging to 186 genera and distributed from sea to trans Himalaya. Due to their ornamental and medicinal importance, they are unsustainably being overexploited from the natural habitat and thus rendering them at the brink of extinction. The habitat destruction, climate change and other anthropogenic activities further aggravate the situation. To discuss these issues, different conservation strategies have been provided in this chapter. Emphasis is given on the IUCN conservation status of orchids, endemism, threats, and conservation measures. The conservation efforts involve a combination of both in situ and ex situ approach. The maintenance of natural habitats i.e. forest ecosystem have many-fold implications in the conservation of orchids and in understanding of their niche requirement. Similarly, ex situ conservation is equally important in imparting orchid diversity conservation by maintaining the live plant collections of species in botanic garden and orchidarium. The seed banks and biotechnological tools such as in vitro propagation and cryopreservation are also helpful in conservation, multiplication and preservation of the germplasm. All these conservation approaches are simultaneously helpful in reducing overexploitation pressure on the wild populations and ultimately supporting the sustainable management of orchid diversity.