The Indian subcontinent is a reservoir of endemic plant species with unique ecological habitats ranging from India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, and Maldives. This vast, diverse region consists of many endemic orchids, which play vital components of forest ecosystems. The documentation of orchid diversity provides a foundational framework for assessing species richness, identifying threatened taxa, and formulating targeted conservation strategies. Despite their ecological significance, comprehensive data on orchid diversity from the biogeographic region are still lacking. This study aims to connect the research gap by providing an overview of orchid diversity across each phytogeographic region of the Indian subcontinent, along with updated information on the number of species present in each region. In addition, comparative analysis of endemism, geographical affinities, and ecological threats is provided. This study findings will be useful for preparing conservation strategies and policy frameworks for sustainable management of orchid diversity in South Asia.