Indigenous peoples are disproportionately represented among those displaced by development-induced displacement (DID) and face unique challenges in the course of displacement due to their distinct cultural, spiritual, and economic ties to their ancestral lands. This special relationship with their land is also precisely why indigenous peoples are accorded specific rights under international human rights law. These rights, in particular, offer protection against involuntary displacement and impose heightened obligations on states when DID affects these groups. In light of this, the present chapter explores the rights of indigenous peoples and their application in the context of DID. Specifically, it examines the human rights protections that must be afforded to indigenous peoples in the course of DID by contextually analysing the rights enshrined in relevant universal and regional human rights frameworks as well as in pertinent case law.