This chapter discusses the rights to privacy and data protection under the Convention and the Charter. It starts out with a discussion on the concept of privacy and describes the historical development of the idea. It then discusses how this concept has been embedded in human rights instruments, and how this has been applied over the decades. This analysis then leads to the conclusion that the rights to privacy and data protection protect against unlawful access to and control of information and systems, an insight which is highly relevant to information security measures which perform a similar function.