Jacob Stegenga has argued that “we should have little confidence in the effectiveness of medical interventions” (Stegenga J, Medical nihilism. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2018, p. 1). This chapter discusses this thesis of ‘Medical nihilism’ by providing an overview of the arguments Stegenga makes in his (Medical nihilism. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2018) book. It also reviews the main lines of criticism of ‘Medical nihilism’ and considers its implications.