This chapter examines the concepts of stigma and shame, their interrelationship, and their relevance to healthcare. It traces the intellectual genealogies of stigma and shame research, highlighting key debates and recent developments. The chapter argues for a praxeological approach to studying stigma and shame, focusing on how they are produced and made witnessable in interaction, rather than relying on theoretical abstractions. It explores the connections between stigma, shame, respect, and acknowledgement, emphasizing the importance of lived experience and interactional dynamics. The chapter presents a fictional stigma scenario to illustrate how stigma can be enacted unintentionally and experienced differently based on past encounters. It concludes by advocating for case studies and scenarios over theories to build a picture of the praxeological logic of stigma and shame. This approach aims to avoid depicting stigmatized individuals as passive victims and instead recognizes their agency in anticipating, resisting, and managing potential degradation.