When one thinks of the e-guitar in terms of timbre and texture, one’s attention often focuses on sonic phenomena following a note’s attack: how a note or chord might be colored by signal processing, how a sound might be sampled, how an amp might add gain and body to the sound, or how one might bend a note or apply vibrato after the string has been plucked. When it comes to notes that ascend or descend, similarly, a vast majority of the techniques and resulting sounds are due to actions taken directly after the note’s attack. These involve physical movements of the LH, the use of the vibrato arm, or the incorporation of the bottleneck – all in service of the alteration of a note’s initial frequency rate. Glissandi can also be created by turning the tuning pegs. Alternative articulations of portamenti include using either the vibrato arm (or “whammy bar”) or the bottle neck.