The Biological Significance of Fragrant Calling Cards
摘要
Marking with musk primarily serves orientation and exploration, helping to recognize the habitat more quickly. The animal’s behavior is governed by instincts. Through unconditioned reflexes, it feeds, drinks water, and reproduces. However, the successful fulfillment of its tasks for the species as well as its own well-being depends on its ability to learn about the environment. In every new environment, an animal adapts to the specific living conditions. Therefore, its first task is to become thoroughly familiar with its habitat. Acclimatization consists of sniffing and marking surrounding objects, which in the animal’s language means: “Check! There is nothing dangerous here and I might be able to stay.” If location recognition were to occur through visual perception, more time would have to be spent to establish a lasting conditioned reflex. Leaving a scent helps the animal quickly gain life experience, avoid dangers, and conserve nervous energy. A territory marked with its own scent creates confidence, and the “calling cards” left behind are a stress factor for an intruder. Cases have been observed in which a weaker animal in its own territory repels the attack of a much stronger opponent because the latter was already deterred by the owner’s preventive scent marks.