The transcultural dimensions of Christianity result from the need for translation in religious education, exemplified by Catholic catechisms and their translation in missionary contexts. Catechisms are a particularly interesting source for the question of transcultural dimensions because, unlike the Bible, they offer more scope for translation, both intra- and interlingual. Central terms, concepts and prayers had to be translated and explained. Translations of catechisms show what was central to orthodoxy, and what was more adiaphora and could be adapted to foreign cultural environments to a greater extent. The chapter presents a conceptual toolkit, based on recent approaches from translation studies and adopted for the special nature of religious and missionary translation. Applying the toolkit to texts from different cultural and geographical contexts, the scope of adaptability of Catholic doctrine as well as the relevance of the target culture and the power asymmetries is explored.