The concept of Social Determinants of Health examines the social factors that can promote health or cause disease. The empirically validated concept encompasses four groups: income and education, social distress, nutrition and food insecurity, as well as social status, each with different relationships to health and illness. Particularly in relation to chronic diseases, three areas of action emerge. These are, firstly, life phase analysis, which provides insights into age-related social interventions with regard to disease prevention, development, and management. Secondly, there are prevention concepts based on social groups and social spaces, and finally, person-centered complex interventions for disease management.